Sylvester Schieber

Sylvester Schieber, who has just been appointed by President Bush as Chairman of the Social Security Advisory Board, is the co-author of The Real Deal: The History and Future of Social Security. Here is his publisher's blurb on the book:

Will the Social Security system founder as millions of baby boomers enter their retirement years? Is the frightening vision of an impoverished old age a glimpse into the real future for Americans of the next generation? The authors of this book put debates about Social Security reform into historical perspective, consider various reform ideas, and elaborate a proposal to ensure that the system can continue to meet the claims of the retired and disabled. Sylvester J. Schieber and John B. Shoven, leading experts on retirement issues, set forth a carefully considered plan to change the way we finance Social Security and thereby secure its future viability. Exploring the history of the Social Security system from its origins during the Depression to its current troubled prospects, Schieber and Shoven analyze the program's economic structure and introduce the remarkable personalities who influenced its evolution. The authors show how Social Security today differs from the program Franklin D. Roosevelt envisioned an how the shift to pay-as-you-go funding has led to the systems current problems. Seen in historical context, some reform approaches are revealed as a renewal of attempts to fund Social Security through means that have repeatedly failed. The authors a true mandatory private retirement savings account. For workers -- a proposal that would lighten retirement-security burdens for future generations, avoid tax increases, and preserve the system's progressivity. This book is essential reading not only for policymakers but for anyone else who wishes to understand what Social Security reform will mean for us as a nation and as individuals.

SSAB Appointments

From the White House:

The President intends to designate Sylvester J. Schieber, of Maryland, to be Chairman of the Social Security Advisory Board for the remainder of a four year term expiring 01/21/09.

The President intends to nominate the following individuals to be Members of the Social Security Advisory Board:

Mark J. Warshawsky, of Maryland, for the remainder of a six year term expiring September 30, 2012.

Dana K. Bilyeu, of Nevada, for the remainder of a six year term expiring September 30, 2010.

Comptroller General Praises SSA Response To Hurricane Katrina

David Walker, the Comptroller General, has commended Social Security for its effective response to Hurricane Katrina. Walker indicates that while many other agencies failed, SSA excelled.

Astrue Associated With Washington Legal Foundation

Michael Astrue, President Bush's nominee for Commissioner of Social Security, has a significant affiliation with the Washington Legal Foundation. He is listed on the list of speakers that they make available. Washington Legal Foundation is a right wing organization that provides pro bono legal representation. With Astrue being affiliated with the Federalist Society and the Washington Legal Foundation, there can be no doubt that he can be accurately described as a "movement conservative." Although I can find no record of Astrue every saying this, it would be surprising if Astrue did not share the "movement conservative" view that Social Security is evil and should be abolished.

A Little Personal Information on Michael Astrue

Michael Astrue, President Bush's nominee to become the next Commissioner of Social Security, must have filled out some form sent to him a few years ago by the American Bar Association Career Counsel Program. The ABA has posted this information online. Here is what Astrue had to say:

Why?

Pluses/Challenges of Practice Area:
Knowing if you do well, you can help bring breakthrough drugs to desperate patients. Challenges: High risk, stress and uncertainty; excessive litigiousness in industry.

Core Skills/Key Knowledge Needed in Your Practice Area:
Integration of science, law and business considerations; strong stomach.

Advice to Lawyers and Law Students Interested in Your Practice Area:
Generally, it is best to start with a law firm and then move to a medium sized or bigger company if you want to work in biotech. Most importantly, though, forget about long-term plans and just try to do something immediately worthwhile.

How?

Career Path to Current Position:
Mostly government service (many years at HHS, including 3 ½ as General Counsel) then General Counsel at Biogen.

Influences and Mentors:
Mentors: C. Boyden Gray, Kenneth Novack; Influences: James Q. Wilson, Ronald Reagan, Laura Mali-Astrue [apparently his wife, a French teacher].

Suggested Reading About Your Practice Area:
Hutt & Merrill: Food and Drug Law.

Job Search Techniques Used in Finding Your Position(s):
Just sitting around at home and the phone rang.

Bar Affiliations and Activities:

Council Member: American Bar Association Section of Administrative Law; Vice Chairman: Federalist Society Section of Administrative Law.

Memorable Career Moment:

First day working in The White House, 1988.

Intriguing Interests:

Cuttyhunk Island; New Formalist poetry; the music of Richard Thompson.

Third Non-Attorney Exam Results

Above is a list of those who passed the third examination given to non-attorneys who represent claimants before the Social Security Administration. Those who pass are given the privilege of having their fees withheld by Social Security. I will have the results transcribed, but wanted to make it available as quickly as possible for those who have truly excellent vision or who can find a way to have their computers magnify the images. This was obtained by Freedom of Information Act request.

There's Probably At Least One Person Who Thinks Michael Astrue Shouldn't Be Confirmed As COSS

Michael Astrue, President Bush's nominee to become the next Commissioner of Social Security, was employed from 2000 to 2005 by Transkaryotic Therapies, a company that developed biotech pharmaceuticals, first as Vice President and Legal Counsel and later as CEO. The circumstances surrounding his elevation to CEO of Transkaryotic are explained a bit in this article from Forbes.com of September 2, 2005, which may also explain why at least one person probably thinks Astrue should not be confirmed as Commissioner of Social Security:

There are good doctors and mediocre doctors. But according to the U.S. SEC, Dr. Richard Selden is in a class by himself. Selden, the former chief executive of Transkaryotic Therapies (TKT) [where Michael Astrue, the nominee to become Commissioner of Social Security, used to work], was charged by the SEC with allegedly hoodwinking investors about failed drug trials to artificially inflate the stock price--then selling off his own shares. According to the civil complaint filed Thursday by the SEC, Selden sent positive press releases even after the U.S. Food and Drug Administration had said in 2001 that trials of TKT's company's flagship drug Replagal, had failed.

By selling his shares before disclosing the negative data about Replagal, Selden "unjustly enriched" himself by $1.66 million, the SEC alleged in the complaint filed in U.S. District Court in Boston. The agency is seeking that money along with the $1.1 million in salary and bonuses Selden earned in 2001 and 2002. According to an Associated Press report, Selden in 2001 sold 90,000 shares of TKT stock--well before Oct. 3, 2002, when TKT finally disclosed the problems with its FDA application. The next day, its shares plunged 61%, to $12.75.

Through his attorney Thomas J. Dougherty, Selden maintained TKT lawyers, who advised him wrongly, bore responsibility for his actions. "He deserves and expects to prevail at any trial of the issues," Dougherty told The Boston Globe.

Who were these TKT lawyers whom Dr. Selden alleges advised him wrongly? Michael Astrue was TKT's Legal Counsel at the time, so he is almost certainly one of them. On the face of it, we have a simple situation. Astrue was the chief legal officer at TKT. He was responsible for making sure that the company stayed in compliance with SEC rules. His CEO apparently violated SEC rules in a spectacular way that nearly destroys the company. Why did Astrue not prevent this? Is he in some way culpable for what happened?

Exactly what Dr. Selden did, when he did it and why are probably much more murky than this article indicates. If it were this simple, Selden would probably be facing criminal charges. Of course, Selden is trying to save his own skin and may say anything, so we should not take his statements too seriously. No one other than Selden is accusing Astrue of doing anything improper. Maybe other attorneys within TKT or at an outside law firm were advising Selden on SEC matters. For all we know, the key incidents in this case happened suddenly without Astrue's prior knowlege. Perhaps, Astrue bluntly warned Selden and the TKT board of directors about what was happening and they ignored him. We do know that TKT's board of directors selected Astrue to replace Dr. Selden as CEO after this happened, which strongly suggests that they did not blame Astrue for what happened. Astrue was selected for several boards of directors and became an interim CEO after this happened. All of this suggests that within the Boston biotech community that Astrue was not blamed for what happened.

Despite all of the signs that no one other than Dr. Selden blames Astrue for what happened, it remains a fact that what appears to have been a preventable legal problem happened on Astrue's watch and that the legal problem nearly destroyed his company. The legal problem has certainly destroyed the career of the CEO who was Astrue's primary client. The SEC charges against Dr. Selden have not been resolved, as best I can tell, meaning that this matter could come back to haunt Astrue. The FBI must have investigated Astrue before this nomination was announced. Astrue's role in the Selden debacle had to have come up during the investigation, so the Senators considering Astrue's nomination should have access to much more information about this matter than is available on the public record. There are legitimate questions to ask Michael Astrue about what happened at TKT. That there may be good answers for these questions is no reason not to ask them.

Background Information On Nominee To Be Social Security Commissioner

Michael Astrue

Educational Background

• October 1, 1956 Born, Fort Dix NJ
• Grew up in Boston area
• Attended Roxbury Latin School (Founded in 1645, in the reign of King Charles the First, Roxbury Latin is the oldest school in continuous existence in North America.)(Astrue sounds like a Boston blueblood.)
• 1978 B.A. Magna Cum Laude Yale University
  
• 1983 J.D. Cum Laude Harvard University
  

Work History

• 1983-1984 Law Clerk to U.S. District Court Judge Walter Skinner
  
• 1984-1985 Associate Attorney, Ropes and Gray
  
• 1985-1986 Acting Deputy Assistant Secretary for Human Services Legislation, Department of Health and Human Services
  
• 1986? Legal Counsel to the Deputy Commissioner for Programs, Social Security Administration
• 1986-1988 Counselor to Commissioner of Social Security
  
• 1988-1989 Associate Counsel to the President, Reagan Administration --served briefly as White House Ethics Officer
• 1989? Counsel to the President (Bush?)
  
• 1989-1992 General Counsel, Department of Health and Human Services (Note that at age 33, only six years after graduating from law school he is the head of a general counsel's office directing the work of hundreds of attorneys.)
  
• 1992-1993 Partner, Mintz, Levin, Cohn, Ferris, Glovsky and Popeo, P.C., Boston (with the end of the first Bush Administration he moves back to his home town of Boston)
  
• 1993-1999 General Counsel, Vice President and Secretary, Biogen (He seems to not like working in law firms. Biogen is a biotech company. General counsels are even more important at biotech companies than at most companies. Biotech companies are involved in much litigation, particularly high stakes patent litigation, much of it international litigation and are also involved in FDA applications. The results of either patent litigation or FDA applications can make and break biotech companies.)
  
• 2000-2003 Senior Vice President and Legal Counsel, Transkaryotic Therapies (This seems to be a downward move. Biogen is a much bigger company that Transkaryotic.)
  
• 2001 Name floated as possible appointment to head Food and Drug Administration -- Never formally nominated due to opposition of Senator Edward Kennedy and six other Democratic Senators who did not like Astrue's close association with the pharmaceutical industry. Astrue later quoted as saying "Ted [Kennedy] never said it was anything personal ..."
  
• 2003-2005 CEO Transkaryotic Therapies -- Hired to clean up a scandal caused by the previous CEO. He resigned when the company's board agreed to sell the company to Shire Pharmaceuticals PLC against his recommendation. (Note that even as CEO he could not prevent his board of directors from taking what he considered to be an extremely unwise sale of the company. Clearly, he did not have the board of directors where most CEOs keep them -- in their back pockets.)
  
• 2005 to date(?) Hudson Institute Adjunct Fellow (conservative think tank) (He seems to want to make a career change. Almost certainly, he could have gotten another good job in biotech or at some law firm that serves the needs to biotech companies.)
  
• For a few months in 2006, Interim CEO Epix Pharmaceuticals, which he sold to Predix Pharmaceuticals
  

Other Associations

• Chairman Massachusetts Biotechnology Council (dates?)
• Treasurer and Vice Chairman Massachusetts High Technology Council (dates?)
• Board of Directors, Tercica August 2005 to date?
• Board of Directors ArQule April 8, 2005 to date?
• Board of Directors, CaraGen June 13, 2005 to date? (Note that after he quits Transkaryotic in protest over what he considers an ill-advised sale of the company he is in great demand as a board member at other biotech companies.)
  
• Board of Directors Kenneth B. Schwartz Center (non-profit) (dates?)
• Adjunct Instructor, Emerson College (dates?)
• Adjunct Instructor Boston University Law School (dates?)
• Advisory Board, Journal of Science and Technology, Boston University Law School (dates?)
• Council Member Administrative and Regulatory Law Section, American Bar Association 1998

Personal

There is virtually no personal information available on the internet about Astrue. Some years ago it was mentioned that he was married and had one child. Apparently, he is known for preferring informal clothing.

Websites consulted:
Bizjournals.com
Goliath
Reagan Library
Forbes.com
Bush Library
ADVFN News
Journal of Science and Technology Law
American Bar Association
New England Legal Search
GovExec.com
Mass High Tech
Hudson Institute
Roxbury Latin School